MODES OF THINKING
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ANALYSIS
Assessment of one thing at a time and making jugements.
EVALUATION
Comparing two or more things on certain parameters.
SYNTHESIS
Bringing two or more things together in a meaningful way.
KEY DESIGN THINKING CONCEPTS
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MINDSET CONCEPTS
Assumption Surfacing • Collaboration • Empathy • Visualisation
IDEATION CONCEPTS
Idea Volume • Deferred Judgement • Divergent Thinking
CREATIVE PROCESS
Prototyping • Iteration
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING
Aims to improve human interaction with systems by enhancing
SAFETY
Reducing Risk Of Injury
PERFORMANCE
Idea Volume • Deferred Judgement • Divergent Thinking
SATISFACTION
Prototyping • Iteration
DESIGN INTERVENTIONS IN HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING
Human factors can be accommodated by 6 design interventions.
Ref: Designing For People by Lee, Wickens, Liu, Boyle
TASK DESIGN
Focuses on changing what operators do than changing the devices they use.
EQUIPMENT DESIGN
Changes physical equipment that people work with.
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
Changes physical environment in which task is carried out.
TRAINING
Enhances knowledge & skills of people by preparing them for job environment
SELECTION
Selecting contextually right people.
TEAM & ORGANISATION DESIGN
Changes how groups of people communicate and relate to each other.
SYSTEMS THINKING
Aims to improve human interaction with systems by enhancing
INTERCONNECTION
Reducing Risk Of Injury
ADAPTATION
Idea Volume • Deferred Judgement • Divergent Thinking
ENVIRONMENT
Prototyping • Iteration
IDEA COMMUNICATION BY COMPREHENSIVE DESIGNERS
Language of. communications a comprehensive designer must use in order to originate ideas, to preserve them for later use or present them to others:
(Arnold 1959)
LANGUAGE OF WRITTEN & SPOKEN WORD
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LANGUAGE OF SYMBOLIC LOGIC or MATHEMATICS
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LANGUAGE OF VISION
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LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
A designer must understand different levels of communications:
(Arnold 1959)
SELF
The designer must understand means and methods of communicating within self as a living organism.
HUMAN < to > HUMAN
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HUMAN < to > MACHINE
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MACHINE < to > MACHINE
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FOUR DOMAINS OF CREATIVE EXPLORATION
Oxman (2016)
SCIENCE
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ENGINEERING
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DESIGN
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ART
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FACTORS UNIQUE TO CREATIVE PERSONALITY
(Mental Attributes) As Per Dr. JP Guilford.
PROBLEM SENSITIVITY
Ability that makes one sensitive to their surroundings. Openness to experiences.(Rogers and Moore)
FLUENCY OF IDEAS.
More ideas per unit of time without simultaneous evaluations. Evaluation must be restrained temporarily.
FLEXIBILITY OF THINKING
Ability to investigate wide variety of approaches and confidence to use those effectively.
ORIGINALITY
Making novel and original combinations (tenable and useful ones) by bringing together "seemingly disparate" or "habitually incompatible" ideas or objects together.
EMOTIONAL ATTRIBUTES
As Per Prof John Arnold
MOTIVATED To Take Initiatives
Highly creative person just loves to solve problems.
WILLINGNESS To Take A Chance
A creative person has to be daring. Must constantly take calculated risks in his attempt to find better solutions to problems that face mankind.
SELF CONFIDENCE
Self confidence in own's ability to come up with better solutions.
DRIVE
A prime requisite of all creative workers. Ideas can be dime a dozen. Drive to translate ideas into workable prototypes renders value to ideas. Connotes a very definite enthusiasm for work. a love for problem solving.
MENTAL ATTRIBUTES OF CREATIVE PERSONALITY
As Per Dr. Carl Rogers
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
Highly creative person just loves to solve problems.
INTERNAL LOCUS
Has developed internal locus of evaluation and criticism. Is not forced to conform by outside pressures. Can turn on and off their judicial thinking at will.
EXPERIMENTAL
Has ability to play around with ideas and concepts. Gets pleasures out of arranging and rearranging materials and ideas into new configurations and patterns. Not afraid of fantasy.